Regent Law Review

THE FIRST AMENDMENT POST-OBERGEFELL: THE CLASH OF ENUMERATED AND UNENUMERATED RIGHTS

REMARKS UPON THE OCCASION OF THE REGENT UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW’S 25^TH ANNIVERSARY
Daniel Kelly

RIGHTS INFLATION: ATTEMPTS TO REDEFINE MARRIAGE AND THE FREEDOM OF RELIGION
Barry W. Bussey

WILL NONPROFIT RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS WITHSTAND THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION IN LAW?
Travis Weber

CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTELLATION AT THE CROSSROADS: THE FUTURE OF COMPELLED SPEECH AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT’S “FIXED STAR”
J. Caleb Dalton

STATE BAR EFFORTS TO DENY ACCREDITATION TO FAITH-BASED CLE ETHICS PROGRAMS SPONSORED BY RELIGIOUSLY AFFILIATED LAW SCHOOLS
Bill Piatt

ARTICLE

SHOULD THE GOVERNMENT BE IN THE BUSINESS OF TAXING CHURCHES?
J. Michael Martin

NOTES

DECIPHERING TITLE VII & EXECUTIVE ORDER 13672: TO WHAT EXTENT ARE RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS FREE TO DISCRIMINATE IN THEIR HIRING PRACTICES?
Nevin D. Beiler

WHEN FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS COLLIDE, WILL WE TOLERATE DISSENT? WHY A JUDGE WHO DECLINES TO SOLEMNIZE A SAME-SEX WEDDING SHOULD NOT BE PUNISHED
Christopher T. Holinger

TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY TRIBUTE

REGENT UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW: KEEPING THE REPUBLIC!
Barbara S. Weller

ARTICLES

JUSTICE SCALIA AND THE RULE OF LAW: ORIGINALISM VS. THE LIVING CONSTITUTION
Richard F. Duncan

THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF STATE LAW TRIGGERING BURDENS ON POLITICAL SPEECH AND THE CURRENT CIRCUIT SPLITS
Randy Elf

SEDITIOUS ACTS OF FAITH: GOD, GOVERNMENT, CONSCIENCE, AND BOILING FROGS
Stacy A. Scaldo

ADDRESS

REPAIRING OUR FOUNDATION THROUGH CHRISTIAN SCHOLARSHIP
Chief Judge Glen A. Huff

NOTES

IS VIRGINIA’S JUDICIAL SYSTEM TOO ELITIST? POLITICAL CULTURE, JUDICIAL APPOINTMENT, AND REFORM MEASURES
Lauren Stroyeck

THE TRUE JURISPRUDENCE OF DOUBT: THE THRESHOLD QUESTIONS OF PERSONHOOD THAT THE SUPREME COURT WOULDN’T, COULDN’T, AND SHOULDN’T ANSWER
Noah J. DiPasquale

SYMPOSIUM: COLLEGE CULTURE, SEXUAL VIOLENCE, & DUE PROCESS

ADDRESS: THE CIVIL RIGHTS APPROACH TO CAMPUS SEXUAL VIOLENCE
Nancy Chi Cantalupo

NO CLASH OF CONSTITUTIONAL VALUES: RESPECTING FREEDOM AND EQUALITY IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITY SEXUAL ASSAULT CASES
William E. Thro

ELIMINATING A HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT TOWARDS COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES: AN EXAMINATION OF THE OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS’ UNCONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS AND PRACTICES
Farnaz Farkish Thompson

CAN WE SECURE THE HALLOWED HALLS OF ACADEME?
Denis Binder

NOTES

YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO SPEAK BY REMAINING SILENT: WHY A STATE SANCTION TO CREATE A WEDDING CAKE IS COMPELLED SPEECH
Haley Holik

EMINENT DOMAIN AND EXPROPRIACIÓN: A COMPARISON BETWEEN FIFTH AMENDMENT PRECEDENT AND LATIN AMERICAN LAND REDISTRIBUTION
Jessica A. Clark

FOREWORD
George Allen

POPE FRANCIS, ENVIRONMENTAL ANTHROPOLOGIST
John Copeland Nagle

MARRIAGE AND FAMILY AS THE NEW PROPERTY: OBERGEFELL, MARRIAGE, AND THE HAND OF THE STATE
Helen M. Alvaré

RIGHTS, PRIVILEGES, AND THE FUTURE OF MARRIAGE LAW
Adam J. MacLeod

NOTES

FEDERAL RULE OF EVIDENCE 704(B): A REMEDY IN NEED OF A CURE
Sean P. Reilly

FROM SECOND CLASS TO CERTIFIED CLASS: USING CLASS-ACTION LAWSUITS TO COMBAT HUMAN TRAFFICKING
Renee M. Knudsen

CASE SUMMARY: OBERGEFELL V. HODGES

SYMPOSIUM: METHODS OF TEACHING AND FORMING PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY

LAWYER, FORM THYSELF: PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY FORMATION STRATEGIES IN LEGAL EDUCATION THROUGH “SOFT SKILLS” TRAINING, ETHICS, AND EXPERIENTIAL COURSES
Susan Swaim Daicoff

A PROFESSIONAL FORMATION/PROFESSIONALISM CHALLENGE: MANY STUDENTS NEED HELP WITH SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING CONCERNING THEIR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT TOWARD EXCELLENCE
Neil Hamilton

USING PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE THEORY TO HELP LAW STUDENTS DEVELOP PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY
Donald C. Peters
Martha M. Peters

“TEACHING” FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY
David I. C. Thomson

THE EMPEROR HAS NO CLOTHES, BUT DOES ANYONE REALLY CARE? HOW LAW SCHOOLS ARE FAILING TO DEVELOP STUDENTS’ PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY AND PRACTICAL JUDGMENT
Benjamin V. Madison, III
Larry O. Natt Gantt, II

NOTES

KEEPING HOME IN HOMESCHOOLING: EXAMINING ILLINOIS’S LOOSE HOMESCHOOLING LAWS IN LIGHT OF HEAVIER INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC REGULATION
Nathaniel L. Miller

CALL OF DUTY: FAMILY WARFARE EDITION
Amy M. Privette

BRINGING A WORLD OF LIGHT TO TECHNOLOGY AND JUDICIAL ETHICS
David Hricik

RILEY V. CALIFORNIA: PRIVACY STILL MATTERS, BUT HOW MUCH AND IN WHAT CONTEXTS?
Adam Lamparello
Charles E. MacLean

FLEXIBLE INTERPRETATIONS OF “THE POWERS THAT BE” FROM CONSTANTINE TO MANDELA AND BEYOND
Louis W. Hensler III

NOTES

CALLING THE COURT OF PUBLIC OPINION TO ORDER: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF STATE OF FLORIDA V. GEORGE ZIMMERMAN
Brandon T. Wrobleski

THE HAZARDS OF GMOS: SCIENTIFIC REASONS WHY THEY SHOULD BE REGULATED, POLITICAL REASONS WHY THEY ARE NOT, AND LEGAL ANSWERS TO WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
Krystle B. Blanchard

NATURAL BORN SHENANIGANS: HOW THE BIRTHER MOVEMENT EXACERBATED CONFUSION OVER THE CONSTITUTION’S NATURAL BORN CITIZEN REQUIREMENT
John Ira Jones IV

TAXING FEDERALISM: ANALYZING REVENUE RULING 2013-17 IN LIGHT OF WINDSOR’S FEDERALISM LANGUAGE
Trevor J. Smothers

SYMPOSIUM: EMERGING ISSUES IN FOOD LAW FOREWORD: FOOD LAW AND ITS PLACE AT THE LEGAL ACADEMY
Michael T. Roberts

DEFINING NATURAL FOODS: THE SEARCH FOR A NATURAL LAW
Nicole E. Negowetti

FRAUD IN THE MARKET
Samuel R. Wiseman

EGGS, EGG CARTONS, AND CONSUMER PREFERENCES
Donna M. Byrne

ARTICLE

LITIGATION TO ADDRESS MISLEADING FOOD LABEL CLAIMS AND THE ROLE OF THE STATE ATTORNEYS GENERAL
Jennifer L. Pomeranz

NOTES

IN DEFENSE OF HUMANITY: WHY ANIMALS CANNOT POSSESS HUMAN RIGHTS
Nicholas H. Lee

OPEN FOR THE WRONG KIND OF BUSINESS: AN ANALYSIS OF VIRGINIA’S LEGISLATIVE APPROACH TO COMBATING COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION
Nicole Tutrani

TOP GUN: THE SECOND AMENDMENT, SELF-DEFENSE, AND PRIVATE PROPERTY EXCLUSION
Ethan T. Stowell

A SURVEY OF EMERGING ISSUES IN ELECTRONIC DISCOVERY

FOREWORD
Judge Andrew Jay Peck

PREDICTIVE CODING AND THE PROPORTIONALITY DOCTRINE: A MARRIAGE MADE IN BIG DATA
Ralph C. Losey

PREDICTIVE CODING: A TRIAL COURT JUDGE’S PERSPECTIVE
Judge Henry Coke Morgan, Jr.

DISCOVERY AND THE DUTY OF COMPETENCE
Monica McCarroll

ADVANCING THE GOALS OF A “JUST, SPEEDY, AND INEXPENSIVE” DETERMINATION OF EVERY ACTION:
THE RECENT CHANGES TO THE DISTRICT OF KANSAS GUIDELINES FOR CASES INVOLVING ELECTRONICALLY STORED INFORMATION
Judge David J. Waxse

Articles

BENEFIT CORPORATIONS, INNOVATION, AND STATUTORY DESIGN
J. William Callison

THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF TWOMBLY AND IQBAL
Kiel Brennan-Marquez

ADOPTION: UPSIDE DOWN AND SIDEWAYS? SOME CAUSES OF AND REMEDIES FOR DECLINING DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL ADOPTIONS
Lynn D. Wardle, Travis Robertson

Notes

TINKERING WITH ALITO’S CODE TO MORSE’S LIMITS: WHY ALITO’S CONCURRENCE IS CRUCIAL TO
PRESERVING TINKER AND STUDENTS’ RIGHT TO FREE SPEECH

WILL VIRGINIA’S NEW EMINENT DOMAIN AMENDMENT PROTECT PRIVATE PROPERTY?

Articles

PLURALISM IN CORPORATE FORM: CORPORATE LAW AND BENEFIT CORPS.
Lyman Johnson

TO BE OR NOT TO BE (A SECURITY): FUNDING FOR-PROFIT SOCIAL ENTERPRISES
Joan MacLeod Heminway

SEVEN WAYS TO STRENGTHEN AND IMPROVE THE L3C
Cassady V. (“Cass”) Brewer

FROM KANSAS TO THE CONGO: WHY NAMING AND SHAMING CORPORATIONS THROUGH THE DODD–FRANK ACT’S CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURE WON’T SOLVE A HUMAN RIGHTS CRISIS
Marcia Narine

IN MEMORIAM: REMEMBRANCES FROM THE LEGACY OF CHIEF JUSTICE LEROY ROUNTREE HASSELL, SR.
Gloria Whittico

Notes

LOSS CAUSATION, MUTUAL FUNDS, AND SECURITIES ACT CLAIMS: AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE FOR SHAREHOLDERS
Samuel L. Moultrie

LIVING IN THE MATERIAL WORLD: WHY INTELLIGENT DESIGN IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS IS NO THREAT TO THE ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE
Ryan Hofman

Articles

Reflections on Jews for Jesus: Twenty-Five Years Later – Jay Alan Sekulow, Erik M. Zimmerman

A Fifty-State Survey of the Cost of Family Fragmentation – Lynne Marie Kohm, Rachel K. Toberty

The Laws of Physics & the Physics of Laws – D. Arthur Kelsey

Hate Speech: A Comparison Between the European Court of Human Rights and the United States Supreme Court Jurisprudence – Roger Kiska

Online Privacy Protection: Protecting Privacy, the Social Contract, and the Rule of Law in the Virtual World – Matthew Sundquist

Notes

Virginia in the Driver’s Seat: How the Supreme Court of Virginia Can Help the Supreme Court of the United States Finally Establish the Drunk-Driving Exception to Anonymous Tips Law – Andrew B. Kartchner

Playing by the Rules: FRCP 55(a) and the Circuit Split Regarding Its Meaning – Josiah A. Contarino

Complete or Partial Accommodation: An Analysis of the Federal Circuit Split over the Duty of the Employer to Reasonably Accommodate the Religious Beliefs of the Employee – Andrew J. Hull

Articles

LBJ, the IRS, and Churches: The Unconstitutionality of the Johnson Amendment in Light of Recent Supreme Court Precedent – Erik W. Stanley

Disaster: The Worst Religious Freedom Case in Fifty Years – Michael Stokes Paulsen

Religious Neutrality in the Early Republic – Wesley J. Campbell

Keynote Address: Beyond Right of Conscience to Freedom to Live Faithfully – Stanley W. Carlson-Thies

Protecting Conscience Through Litigation: Lessons Learned in the Land of Blagojevich – Francis J. Manion

Opposing Views Series: Rights of Religious Employers

“Charitable” Discrimination: Why Taxpayers Should Not Have to Fund 501(c)(3) Organizations that Discriminate Against LGBT Employees – Austin Caster

Enforcing a Traditional Moral Code Does Not Trigger a Religious Institution’s Loss of Tax Exemption – James A. Davids

Notes & Comments

Policies, Frameworks, and Concerns Regarding Shari’a Tribunals in the United States – Amy S. Fancher

Snyder v. Phelps: Applying the Constitution’s Historic Protection of Offensive Expression to Religiously Motivated Speech – J. Michael Martin

Tuition Tax Credits and Winn: A Constitutional Blueprint for School Choice – Bruce R. Van Baren

Articles

As Goes DOMA . . . Defending DOMA and the State Marriage Measures – Joshua Baker, William C. Duncan

Thomas v. Scalia on the Constitutional Rights of Parents: Privileges and Immunities, or Just “Spinach”? – David M. Wagner

A Better Beginning: Why and How to Help Novice Legal Writers Build a Solid Foundation by Shifting Their Focus from Product to Process – Miriam E. Felsenburg, Laura P. Graham

Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Commemoration

Commemorative Address: Celebrating Twenty-Five Years of God’s Faithfulness – Dean Jeffrey A. Brauch

Notes

Culture of the Future: Adapting Copyright Law to Accommodate Fan-Made Derivative Works in the Twenty-First Century – Patrick McKay

Choosing a Law to Live By Once the King is Gone – Kathleen A. Keffer

Who Has a Will to Live?: Why State Requirements for Advance Directives Should Be Uniform(ly Revised) – Ruth F. Maron

The New Temporal Prime Directive: Ortiz & the Death of Post-trial Appeals from Pre-trial Summary Judgment Denials – Paul S. Morin

Domestic Human Trafficking Series

A Legislative Framework For Combating Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking – Linda Smith, Samantha Healy Vardaman

Addressing Demand: Why And How Policymakers Should Utilize Law And Law Enforcement To Target Customers Of Commercial Sexual Exploitation – Laura J. Lederer 

“It’s 10:00 P.M. Do You Know Where Your Children Are?” – Kathleen A. McKee

Federalist Society’s National Lawyers Convention On Civil Rights: Immigration, The Arizona Statute, And E Pluribus Unum

Essays

An Introduction To The Debate On The Arizona Immigration Law – James C. Ho

E Pluribus Unum Forgotten: Five Immigration Policy Mistakes Some Conservatives Make – Roger Clegg

Fact Or Fiction?: Setting The Record Straight On S.B. 1070 – Kris W. Kobach

S.B. 1070: The Unconstitutional And Inefficient Law That May Just Fix Immigration – Margaret D. Stock

A Response To Margaret Stock – Kris W. Kobach

Panel Discussion And Commentary

Article

Reed V. Uaw: An Adverse Ruling On Adverse Action – Nathan J. Mcgrath

Notes

The Twisted Sisters Of Probate: How The Uniform Probate Code And Supreme Court Precedent Create Incentives For Abortion – Aaron Mullen

The “Search-Incident-To-Arrest [But Prior-To-Securement]” Doctrine: An Outline Of The Past, Present, And Future – Robert G. Rose

Learning from the Past: How the events That Shaped the Constitutions of the United States and Germany Play Out in the Abortion Controversy – Lindsay K. Jonker

Articles

Exposing the Underground Establishment Clause in the Supreme Court’s Abortion Cases – Justin Murray

Monopolistic Gatekeepers’ Vicarious Liability for Copyright Infringement – Ke Steven Wan  

The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) and California’s Struggle with Same-Sex Marriage – John Rogers

A Crisis in Indian Country: An Analysis of the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 – Gideon M. Hart

Notes

Is and Ought: How the Progression of Ricci Teaches Us to Accept the Criticisms and Reject the Norms of Political Jurisprudence – Robert F. Noote IV

Interfacing Your Accuser: Computerized Evidence and the Confrontation Clause Following Melendez-Diaz – Erick J. Poorbaugh

A Fly in the Ointment: Why Federal Preemption Doctrine and 42 U.S.C.§ 7431 Do Not Preclude Local Land Use Regulations Related to Global Warming – Shannon Brown

Addresses

Keynote Address: Liberty vs. Tyranny: A Constant Struggle – Judge Andrew P. Napolitano

Panel Address: Protecting the Innocent While Preserving Speech: A Balancing Act of Media Regulation – Congressman Trent Franks

Essays

Shall Those Who Live by FCC Indecency Complaints Die by FCC Indecency Complaints? – Adam Candeub

The FCC’s Affirmative Speech Oblications Promoting Child Welfare – Lili Levi

Strange Bedfellows: Network Neutrality’s Unifying Influence – Marvin Ammori

Re-evaluating Media Regulation in a Media Environment of Nearly Unlimited Entertainment Programming and Ample Alternative Channels of Communication – Patrick M. Garry

Some Thoughts on Chuck Lorrw: “Bad Words” and “the Raging Paranoia of Our Network Censors” – Christine Alice Corcos

Panel Discussion and Commentary

Article

More Folly Than Fairness: The Fairness Doctrine, the First Amendment, and the Internet Age – Dominic E. Markwordt

Notes

Mental Block: The Challenges Awaiting a Mentally Impaired Claimant When Applying for Social Security Disability Benefits – Sarah E. Dunn

The Free Speech Protection Act of 2009: Protection Against Suppression –Travis S. Weber

Articles

The Legal Implications of Social Networking – Sharon Nelson, John Simek, Jason Foltin

Dying to Testify? Confrontation vs. Declarations in Extremis– Tim Donaldson, J Preston Frederickson

“Fight Against Fraud” Essay Series

Conduct and Effects: Reassessing the Protection of Foreign Investors from International Securities Fraud – Derek N. White

“Street Justice” for Corporate Fraud—Mandatory Minimums for Major White-Collar Crime – John D. Esterhay

Book Review

Restoring the Lost Virtue of Prudential Justice to the Life Debate – Lynne Marie Kohm

Notes

Hold That Line!: The Proper Establishment Clause Analysis for Military Public Prayers – Benjamin D. Eastburn

What’s the Cost of Living in Oregon These Days?—A Fresh Look at the Need for Judicial Protections in the Death with Dignity Act – Andrew R. Page

Kennedy v. Louisiana; Reaffirms the Necessity of Revising the Eighth Amendment’s Evolving Standards of Decency Analysis – Bethany Siena

Addresses

Keynote Address: Constitutional Bait and Switch – Viet D. Dinh

Luncheon Address: Securing Liberty  – John D. Ashcroft 

Essays

The Effect of U.S. Legislative Efforts to Enhance National Security – Admiral Vern Clark

Change Versus Continuity at Obama’s CIA – A. John Radsan 

Organizational Theory and Counterterrorism Prosecutions: A Preliminary Inquiry – Gregory S. McNeal 

Legislation Panel: Discussion and Commentary

Boumediene and Fundamental Principles of Constitutional Power – Jordan J. Paust 

Boumediene v. Bush: A Catalyst for Change – Commander Glenn Sulmasy

A Human Rights Perspective – Elisa Massimino

Powers, Distinctions, and the State in the Twenty-First Century: The New Paradigm of Force in Due Process – Harvey Rishikof

Supreme Court Panel: Discussion & Commentary

Notes

Sex, Psychology, and the Religious “Gerrymander”: Why the APA’s Forthcoming Policy Could Hurt Religious Freedom – Erin K. DeBoer 

On the Road to Victory in America’s War on Human Trafficking: Landmarks, Landmines, and the Need for Centralized Strategy – Valerie S. Payne

Articles

Sacrificing Motherhood on the Altar of Political Correctness: Declaring a Legal Stranger To Be a Parent over the Objections of the Child’s Biological Parent – Rena M. Lindevaldsen

The Fifth Amendment Disclosure Obligations of Government Employers When Interrogating Public Employees – Lindsay Niehaus

Essays

Toward a Mormon Jurisprudence – John W. Welch

Evaluating Supernatural Law: An Inquiry into the Health of Nations (The Restatement of the Obvious, Part II) – Thomas C. Folsom

Notes

Does “Emergency” Trump Conscience, Thus Drawing Another Line in the Sand for Pharmacists?

A Different Kind of Life Estate: The Laws, Rights, and Liabilities Associated with Donated Embryos

Tribute

The Regent University Law Library: The First Thirty Years –Charles H. Oates

Address

The Evolution of Virginia’s Constitutions: A Celebration of the Rule of Law in America
The Hon. Leroy Rountree Hassell, Sr., Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia.

Religion and the American Founding
Ellis Sandoz
Hermann Moyse, Jr., Distinguished Professor of Political Science, Director of the Eric Voegelin Institute for American Renaissance Studies, Louisiana State University.

Religion and Liberty Under Law at the Founding of America 
Harold J. Berman
Robert W. Woodruff Professor of Law, Emory University School of Law and James Barr Ames Professor of Law, Emeritus, Harvard Law School.
*Professor Berman departed this life on November 13, 2007, at the age of eighty-nine, as this Address was going to press.

Articles

Justice Thomas and Partial Incorporation of the Establishment Clause: Herein of Structural Limitations, Liberty Interests, and Taking Incorporation Seriously
Richard F. Duncan
Sherman S. Welpton, Jr., Professor of Law, University of Nebraska College of Law.

Republicanism and Religion: Some Contextual Considerations
Ellis Sandoz
Hermann Moyse, Jr., Distinguished Professor of Political Science, Director of the Eric Voegelin Institute for American Renaissance Studies, Louisiana State University.

Notes

Docking the Tail that Wags the Dog: Why Congress Should Abolish the Use of Acquitted Conduct at Sentencing and How Courts Should Treat Acquitted Conduct After United States v. Booker

Galloway, Split-Interest Trusts, and Undivided Portions: Does Disallowing the Charitable Contribution Deduction Overstep Legislative Intent?

Prophetic Speech and the Internal Revenue Code: Analyzing I.R.C. § 501(c)(3) in Light of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act

Address

God, Gaia, the Taxpayer, and the Lorax: Standing, Justiciability, and Separation of Powers After Massachusetts and Hein – Jonathan H. Adler

Articles

The Use and Scope of Extrinsic Evidence in Evaluating Establishment Clause Cases in Light of the Lemon Test’s Secular Purpose Requirement – Mark DeForrest

Guarding the Threshold of Birth – Kevin J. Mitchell

The Role of Religion in Public Debate: The Federalist Society for Law & Public Policy Studies 2007 National Lawyers Convention

Religious Liberties: The Role of Religion in Public Debate – Diane S. Sykes

Religions as Ways of Life – James W. Skillen

The Role of Religious Considerations in the Public Discourse of Pluralistic Democracies – Robert Audi

Religious Conviction and Political Participation – Michael W. McConnell

Brief Comments on an Intermediate Position – Kent Greenawalt

Panel Discussion and Commentary

Notes

Truth be Told: Truth Serum and Its Role in the War on Terror – Seth Lowry

The Defense of Marriage Act as an Efficacious Expression of Public Policy: Towards a Resolution of Miller v. Jenkins and the Emerging Conflict Between States Over Same-Sex Parenting – Cort I. Walker

Addresses

The Evolution of Virginia’s Constitutions: A Celebration of the Rule of Law in America – Leroy Rountree Hassell, Sr.

Religion and the American Founding – Ellis Sandoz

Religion and Liberty Under Law at the Founding of America – Harold J. Berman

Articles

Justice Thomas and Partial Incorporation of the Establishment Clause: Herein of Structural Limitations, Liberty Interests, and Taking Incorporation Seriously – Richard F. Duncan

Republicanism and Religion: Some Contextual Considerations – Ellis Sandoz

Notes

Docking the Tail that Wags the Dog: Why Congress Should Abolish the Use of Acquitted Conduct at Sentencing and How Courts Should Treat Acquitted Conduct After United States v. Booker – Farnaz Farkish

Galloway, Split-Interest Trusts, and Undivided Portions: Does Disallowing the Charitable Contribution Deduction Overstep Legislative Intent? – Valerie H. Kuntz

Prophetic Speech and the Internal Revenue Code: Analyzing I.R.C. § 501(c)(3) in Light of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act – Zachary Cummings

Articles

Crawford and Davis: A Personal Reflection – Richard D. Friedman

Cross-Examination Earlier or Later: When Is It Enough to Satisfy Crawford? – Christopher B. Mueller

Nontestimonial Hearsay after Crawford, Davis and Bockting – Laird C. Kirkpatrick

“He Said,” “She Said,” and Issues of Life and Death: The Right to Confrontation at Capital Sentencing Proceedings – Penny J. White

Softening the Formality and Formalism of the “Testimonial” Statement Concept – Robert P. Mosteller

Is Confrontation the Bottom Line? – Roger C. Park

The End of the “Virtually Constitutional”? The Confrontation Right and Crawford v. Washington as a Prelude to Reversal of Maryland v. Craig – David M. Wagner

Solomon’s Sword: The Loser Gets Process – Charles Nesson

Forfeiture of the Confrontation Right After Crawford and Davis – Richard D. Friedman

Panel Discussions

Morning Panel Discussion with Professors Friedman, Mueller, and Nesson

Afternoon Panel Discussion with Professors Friedman, Kirkpatrick, Mosteller, Mueller, Park, and White

Notes

Telecommuting: A Reasonable Accommodation Under the Americans with Disabilities Act as Technology Advances – Brianne M. Sullenger

Lost Profit or Lost Chance: Reconsidering the Measure of Recovery for Lost Profits in Breach of Contract Actions – Jeremy L. Pryor

Articles

Professional Responsibility and the Christian Attorney: Comparing the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct and Biblical Virtues – Larry O. Natt Gantt, II, Charles H. Oates, Samuel Pyeatt Menefee

The Article III Exceptions Clause: Any Exceptions to the Power of Congress to Make Exceptions? – John Eidsmoe

The Constitutionality of Irrebuttable Presumptions – James J. Duane

Strengthening Article 32 to Prevent Politically Motivated Prosecution: Moving Military Justice Back to the Cutting Edge – Brian C. Hayes

From “Sneak and Peak” to “Sneak and Steal”: Section 213 of the USA Patriot Act – Brett A. Shumate

Essay

The Definition of “Person”: Applying the Casey Decision to Roe v. Wade – Bradley Aron Cooper

Comments

Wrongful Death and the Legal Status of the Previable Embryo: Why Illinois is on the Cutting Edge of Determining a Definitive Standard for Embryonic Legal Rights – Amber N. Dina

Children of a Lesser Law: The Failure of the Born-Alive Infants Protection Act and a Plan for Its Redemption – Roger Byron

Articles

Arresting Officers and Treating Physicians: When may a Witness Testify to What Others Told Him for the Purpose of Explaining his Conduct? – James J. Duane

The Case for a Return to Mandatory Instruction in the Fiduciary Aspects of Agency and Trusts in the American Law School, Together With a Model Fiduciary Relations Course Syllabus – Charles E. Rounds, Jr.

The Irony of Populism: The Republican Shift and the Inevitability of American Aristocracy – Zvi S. Rosen

Essays

A Brief Catechism on Marriage – Teresa Stanton Collett

The Elephant in the Room — Contraception and the Renaissance of Traditional Marriage – John Tuskey

Comments

Starving the Terrorists of Funding: How the United States Treasury is Fighting the War on Terror – Daryl Shetterly

The Detriment of Bargain: How the Limiting Principle and Preclusion of Pre-Contractual Expenditures Place Undue Risk on a Non-Breaching Party – William Hart

Articles

Consideration in the Common Law of Contracts: A Biblical–Theological Critique – C. Scott Pryor

The Three Antinomies of Modern Legal Positivism and Their Resolution in Christian Legal Thought – Dr. Charles J. Reid, Jr.

The Jury is Out: The Urgent Need for a New Approach in Deciding When Religion-Based Peremptory Strikes Violate the First and Fourteenth Amendments – Robert W. Gurry

The Impact of School Vouchers on Employment Law: State Regulatory Interference With Private Religious Schools – Brent Shelley

Rebuilding the Foundations of Iraq: Comparisons to the Revival of Democracy in Central Europe – Christopher S. Crago

Comments

A Class-Action Lawsuit Against Aspartame Manufacturers: A Realistic Possibility or Just a Sweet Dream for Tort Lawyers? – David Ellender

Give it Away: A Response to the Transfer Tax – Aric D. Burch

Symposium: Moral Realism and the Renaissance of Traditional Marriage

Keynote Address: The Case for the Future of Marriage – Maggie Gallagher

Essays

DOMA and Marriage – William C. Duncan

The Necessity of a Federal Marriage Amendment – Vincent P. McCarthy

Articles

Status, Substance, and Structure: An Interpretive Framework for Understanding the State Marriage Amendments – Joshua K. Baker

Marriage and Some Troubling Issues with No-Fault Divorce – Peter Nash Swisher

Cohabitation and the Future of Marriage – Lynne Marie Kohm and Karen M. Groen

Children and the Future of Marriage – Lynn D. Wardle

Note

Defending the Parental Right to Direct Education: Meyer and Pierce as Bulwarks Against State Indoctrination – Erik M. Zimmerman

Robert P. George Lecture Series

Embryo Ethics: Justice and Nascent Human Life – Robert P. George

Judicial Usurpation and Sexual Liberation: Courts and the Abolition of Marriage – Robert P. George

Articles

Misguided Christian Attempts to Serve God Using the Fear of Man – Louis W. Hensler III

Begging the High Court for Clarification: Hybrid Rights under Employment Division v. Smith – Ryan M. Akers

Everson and “The Wall of Separation Between Church and State”: The Supreme Court’s Flawed Interpretation of Jefferson’s Letter to the Danbury Baptists – Raymond W. Kaselonis, Jr.

Comments and Notes

A Supreme Court That is “Willing to Start Down That Road”: The Slippery Slope of Lawrence v. Texas – Sarah Catherine Mowchan

Choice of Law under the Multiparty, Multiforum Trial Jurisdiction Act of 2002 – Joseph M. Creed

Ethical Guideposts for the Christian Attorney

Integration as Integrity: Postmodernism, Psychology, and Religion on the Role of Moral Counseling in the Attorney-Client Relationship ­­– Larry O. Natt Gantt, II

The Christian Lawyer: Defending Apparently Guilty Defendants and Using Deceptive Courtroom Strategies and Tactics – John W. Stanford

The Restatement of the Obvious: Or, What’s Right Got to Do with It? Reflections on a Business Ethic for Our Times – Thomas C. Folsom

Strategic Alliances: Legal and Ethical Challenges – Mary C. Szto

Article

Separation of Powers: A Forgotten Protection in the Context of Eminent Domain and the Natural Gas Act – Jeremy P. Hopkins, Elisabeth M. Hopkins

Essay

ERISA and the Exhaustion Dilemma: When Must Plaintiffs Exhaust Administrative Remedies Before Filing Suit? – Lisa Wenzel

Comments and Notes

Electronic Assent to Online Contracts: Do Courts Consistently Enforce Clickwrap Agreements? – William J. Condon, Jr.

Accountants, Attorneys, and Enron: An Analysis of the Debacle and Implications for Future Corporate Practice Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act – Justin Kendall

Articles

Creation, Liberation, and Property: Virtues and Values Toward a Theocentric Earth Ethic – W. Wade Berryhill

The Establishment Clause and the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000 – Shawn P. Bailey

First Amendment: Extending Equal Access to Elementary Education in the Aftermath of Good News Club v. Milford Central School – Dan Mbulu

Essays

The Constitutionality of Legal Preferences for Heterosexual Marriage – Richard G. Wilkins

Scheidler v. NOW: The Supreme Court Holds that Abortion Protesters Are Not Racketeers – Sue Ann Mota

Comments and Notes

“Spoiling Everything”—But for Whom? Rules of Evidence and International Criminal Proceedings – Kristina D. Rutledge

Elemental Facts: Did Ring v. Arizona Redefine Capital Sentencing? – Victoria Johnson

Robert P. George Lecture Series

Holmes on Natural Law – Robert P. George

Reason, Freedom, and the Rule of Law: Their Significance in Western Thought – Robert P. George

Articles

Validity and Obligation in Natural Law Theory: Does Finnis Come Too Close to Positivism? – Seow Hon Tan

Children, the Unprotected Minority: A Call for the Reexamination of Children’s Rights in Light of Stenberg v. Carhart – Charlene Quint Kalebic

The Greater Good? Can the Good v. United States Court Be Any Further Off? – Raymond W. Kaselonis, Jr.

Essay

Is Jesus Entitled to a Copyright? – Judge Robert Mahealani M. Seto

Comments

Religious Tax Exemption and the “Charitable Scrutiny” Test – Christine Roemhildt Moore

Intelligent Design: A Unique Perspective to the Origins Debate – T. Mark Moseley

Symposium on Ideology in Judicial Selection

Winners and Losers Versus How You Play the Game: Should Ideology Drive Judicial Selection? – Thomas L. Jipping

Federal Judicial Selection as War, Part Three: The Role of Ideology – Michael J. Gerhardt

How Constitutional Corruption Has Led to Ideological Litmus Tests for Judicial Nominees – Roger Pilon

Articles

The Constitutionality of Prison-Sponsored Religious Therapeutic Communities – Scott Roberts

Mother Goose and Father God: Extending the Equal Access Act to Pre-high-school Students – Todd Hagins

Essay

Whither Marriage in the Law? – William C. Duncan

Comments

Religious Liberty in Public Schools: Do Students Shed Their Constitutional Rights at the Schoolhouse Gate? – Daniel A. Tanner III

Finding Social Justice at the Point Where the Legal System and Christianity Meet: The Role of a Christian Attorney in Seeking Justice for the Poor – Morgan Leyh

Essays

Gay Orthodoxy and Academic Heresy – Ty Clevenger

Fairness, Accuracy & Honesty in Discussing Homosexuality and Marriage – Lynne Marie Kohm, Mark A. Yarhouse

Child Molestation and the Homosexual Movement – Steve Baldwin

Articles

Crafting Bi/Homosexual Youth – Judith A. Reisman

Studies of Homosexual Parenting: A Critical Review – George Rekers, Mark Kilgus

Homosexuality: Innate and Immutable? – A. Dean Byrd, Stony Olsen

Why NARTH? The American Psychiatric Association’s Destructive and Bind Pursuit of Political Correctness – Benjamin Kaufman

Selling Homosexuality to America – Paul E. Rondeau

Note

Defending Marriage: A Litigation Strategy to Oppose Same-Sex Marriage – Dale M. Schowengerdt

Articles

© Copyright God: Enforcement of Copyright in the Bible and Religious Works – Roger Syn

Storming the Gates of a Massive Cultural Investment: Reconsidering Roe in light of its Flawed Foundation and Undesirable Consequences – Hunter Baker

Defining a Person under the Fourteenth Amendment: A Constitutionally and Scientifically Based Analysis – Kelly J. Hollowell

A New Twist for an Olde Code: Examining Virginia’s New Rules of Professional Conduct Part II – Charles H. Oates

Proper Judicial Activism – Greg Jones

Notes

Changing Our Perspective: How Presumptive Invalidity of Home School Regulations Will Further the State’s Interest in an Educated Citizenry – Bruce D. Page, Jr.

Hitting Below the Belt: Sex-Ploitive Ideology & the Disaggregation of Sex and Gender – David Lee Mundy

Essays

“Inherit the Wind”: The Play’s the Thing – Phillip E. Johnson

Cui Bono: Who Benefits? – W. Scot Morrow

Articles

“A Death Struggle Between Two Civilizations” – David Barton

Darwinism and the Law: Can Non-Naturalistic Scientific Theories Survive Constitutional Challenge? – H. Wayne House

Academic Freedom After Edwards – David K. DeWolf

Darwin’s New Bulldogs: Scopes and American Legal Philosophy – Nancy R. Pearcey

Evolution, the Supreme Court, and the Destruction of Constitutional Jurisprudence – William D. Graves

“Reaping the Whirlwind”: A Provisional Scopes Trial Bibliography – Samuel P. Menefee

Note

Freiler v. Tangipahoa Parish Board of Education: Disclaiming the Gospel of Modern Science – M. Drew DeMott

Articles

Assessing the Impact of Conflict of Interest on the Decisions of ERISA Fiduciaries – The Honorable H. Brent McKnight

Save the Cleavers: Taxation of the Traditional Family – Joel S. Hollingsworth

A New Twist for an Olde Code: Examining Virginia’s New Rules of Professional Conduct – Charles H. Oates, Marie Summerlin Hamm

The Original Meaning of the Establishment Clause and Its Application to Education – William F. Cox, Jr.

The Priest-Penitent Privilege: Its Constitutionality and Doctrine – Lennard K. Whittaker

Christian Legal Foundations Essay Series

Sir William Blackstone: A Life and Legacy Set Apart for God’s Work – Douglas H. Cook

Comments and Notes

Legislation to Protect the Decisionally Incapacitated Individual’s Participation in Medical Research: Safety Net or Trap Door? – Kendall Ann Desaulniers

Who Wants Nominal Damages Anyway? The Impact of an Automatic Entitlement to Nominal Damages Under § 1983 – Mark T. Morrell

Civil Forfeiture: A Fiction That Offends Due Process – David Benjamin Ross

A Tribute To Justice Clarence Thomas

Justice Clarence Thomas: Reviving Restraint and Personal Responsibility – Senator John D. Ashcroft

Personal Responsibility – Justice Clarence Thomas

Justice Clarence Thomas: A Brief Tribute – Judge Pasco M. Bowman II

Justice Thomas and the Voting Rights Act – Judge Edith H. Jones

The Jurisprudence of Clarence Thomas – Edwin Meese III

The Emerging Contours of Justice Thomas’s Textualism – Judge H. Brent McKnight

“Judge Thomas is the First Choice”: the Case for Clarence Thomas – Thomas L. Jipping

Natural Law and Justice Thomas – John S. Baker, Jr.

The Truth About Clarence Thomas and the Need for New Black Leadership – Stephen F. Smith

Clarence Thomas and the Fifth Amendment: His Philosophy and Adherence to Protecting Property Rights – Nancie G. Marzulla

Eschewing the Superlegislative Prerogative: Tax Opinions of Justice Clarence Thomas – Darlene Addie Kennedy

Justice Clarence Thomas: The Emerging “New Federalist” on the Rehnquist Court – Laura A. Till

Peaches, Speech, and Clarence Thomas: Yes, California, There is a Justice Who Understands the Ramifications of Controlling Commercial Speech – Jennifer R. Franklin

Articles

Marriage: Why a Second Tier Called Covenant Marriage? – Katherine Shaw Spaht

Covenant and Contract – Margaret Brinig, Steven Nock

Covenant Marriage: A Legislator’s Perspective – Tony Perkins

A Comparative Survey of Covenant Marriage Proposals in the United States – Lynne Marie Kohm

The Constitution and Covenant Marriage Legislation: Rumors of a Constitutional Right to Divorce Have Been Greatly Exaggerated – David M. Wagner

Opportuning Virtue: The Binding Ties of Covenant Marriage Examined – Marie Summerlin Hamm

The Bizarre Drafting Errors in the Virginia Statute on Privileged Marital Communications – James Joseph Duane

The Biblical View of Marriage: Covenant Relationship – Michele Brewer Brooks

The “Sealed Knot”: A Preliminary Bibliography of “Covenant Marriage” – Samuel Pyeatt Menefee

Comments and Notes

The ERISA Shield Around HMOs Cannot Be Justified – Steven A. Grenier

A Blackstonian Approach to International Relations – Jason N. Workmaster

Articles

Constitutional Limits on Campaign Contribution Limits – James Bopp, Jr.

Essays

Curbing Raw Judicial Power: A Proposal for a Checks and Balances Amendment – Thomas A. Glessner

Cloning: Exposing Flaws in the Preembryo-Embryo Distinction and Redefining When Life Begins – Kelly Hollowell

Christian Legal Foundations Essay Series

John Winthrop: Lawyer as Model of Christian Charity – Jeffrey A. Brauch

Comments and Notes

Morality: The Starting Place for the Debate Over Human Cloning – William W. Harty

Vacco v. Quill and the Inalienable Right to Life – Valerie L. Myers

The Virtue of Judicial Restraint: City of Boerne v. Flores and Congressional Power to Interpret the Constitution – Brian W. Walsh

The Library Internet Filter: On the Computer Or In The Child? – Brent L. VanNorman

Symposium On Religiously Affiliated Law Schools

Mission, Marketing, and Academic Freedom in Today’s Religiously Affiliated Law Schools: An Essay – Howard B. Eisenberg

Academic Freedom in Religiously Affiliated Law Schools: A Jewish Perspective – Howard A. Glickstein
The Bishop’s Role in the Catholic Law School – David L. Gregory

Further Reflections on the Role of Religion in Lawyering and in Life – Samuel J. Levine

And God’s Justice Shall Become Ours: Reflections on Teaching Law in a Catholic University – Robert John Araujo, David K. DeWolf

Integrating Religion, Faith, and Morality in Traditional Law School Courses – Mary C. Scarlato, Lynne Marie Kohm

Article

Faith Through Lawyering: Finding and Doing What is Mine To Do – Randy Lee

Essay

What’s a Nice Christian Like You Doing in a Profession Like This? – Michael P. Schutt

Christian Legal Foundations Essay Series

Justinian: Lieutenant of Christ, Legislator for Christendom – Craig A. Stern

Comments and Notes

The Demise of Free Exercise: An Historical Analysis of Where We Are, and How We Got There – Scott E. Thompson

Alabama v. ACLU: A Missed Opportunity to Correct Flawed Establishment Clause Jurisprudence – Timothy R. Fox

RICO and Social Protest: Devilifying a First Amendment Liberty – Shawn D. Akers